Temperature control system



Sept. 30, 1941. w 1 MCGRATH 2,257,471

` TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Nov. 19, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 gmc/wm Patented Sept. 30, 1941 TEMPERATURE coN'raoL SYSTEM william I'. McGrath, Minneapolis, Mmm, as-

signor to Company, of Delaware Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Minneapolis, Minn., a corporation Application November 19, 1936, Serial No. 111,694 Claims. (Cl. 236-91) This invention relates to temperature control systems in general and more particularly to building temperature control systems.

It is the prime object of this invention to provide a temperature control system for a space having temperature changing means comprising a device in control of the temperature changing means for modulating the temperature changing effect thereof, controlling this device in accordance with the temperature changing effect of the temperature changing means, compensating this control by outdoor temperatures whereby the temperature changing effect of the temperature changing means may be varied in accordance with changes in outdoor temperature and further compensating this control in accordance with variations in room temperature.

It is a further object of this invention to compensate the control outlined immediately above in accordance with the average temperature of the building, which average temperature may be obtained from a plurality of points Within the building.

Still another object oi this invention is to provide novel electrical control systems for accomplishing the desired results.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the accompanying specification, claims and drawings.

For a more thorough understanding of this invention, reference is made to the accompanying sheets of drawings in which:

Figure 1 illustrates one form of my control system as applied to a-building heating system, and

Figure system.

Referring now to Figure l, a building is generally designated at Ill having an outside wall Il and a plurality of spaces, two of which are shown at I2. Located in each of the spaces are temperature changing means which are illustrated as radiators or heat exchangers I3. Temperature changing fluid which may take the form of steam is supplied to the radiators I3 by a supply pipe I4 leading from some source of steam (not shown). The supply of steam is controlled by means of a valve I5 which is connected by a riser I6 and orifices I1 to the radiators I3. Condensate is withdrawn from the radiators I3 through return riser I8 by a condensate or vacuum pump I9 and is discharged through a pipe 20.

The condensate or vacuum pump I9 may be 2 is a modified form of the control Cil controlled by means of a diierential pressure switch, generally designated at 22. This pressure switch may include bellows 23 and 24 connected respectively to the return riser I3 and the supply riser I6. These bellows operate con- Jolntly a switch arm 25 with respect to a contact 26. The arrangement is such that as the pressure differential decreases, the switch arm 25 is moved into engagement with contact 26. The differential pressure switch 22 operates a relay, generally designated at 21, which may comprise a relay coil 23 for operating a switch arm 29 with respect to a contact 30. The arrangement is such that when the relay coil 28 is energized, the switch arm 29 is moved into engagement with contact 30 and when the relay coil 23 is deenergized, the switch arm 29 is moved out of engagement with the contact 30 by means of springs, gravity, or other means (not shown).

Line wires leading from some source of power (not shown) are designated at 3| and 32. Power 1s supplied to the relay 21 by means of a stepdown transformer 33 having a primary 3l connected across the line wires 3l and 32 and a secondary 35. When the pressure differential decreases to a predetermined value so as to move the switch arm 25 into engagement with contact 26, a circuit is completed from the secondary 35 through wire 36, contact 26, switch arm 25, wire 31, relay coil 28, and wire 38 back to the secondary 35. Completion of this circuit causes energization of the relay coil 28 to move the switch arm 29 into engagement with the contact 30. Movement of the switch arm 29 into engagement with the contact 30 completes the circuit from the line wire 3l through wire 39, contact 30, switch arm 29, Wire 40, condensate or vacuum pump I9 and wire 4I back to the other line wire 32. This causes operation oi' the vacuum or condensate pump I9 to increase the dilerential of pressure between the supply pipe and the return pipe in order to maintain a constant differential of pressure. When the desired differential of pressure is obtained, switch arm 25 is moved out of engagement with the contact 26 to deenergize the relay 21 which, in turn, stops operation of the condensate or vacuum pump I9. In this manner, a constant pressure drop is maintained across the heating system regardless of the pressures supplied to the heating system.

In order to increase or decrease the pressure of the steam supplied to the heating system and consequently increase or decrease the heating effect thereof, the valve I5 may be operated by a proportioning or modulating motor generally designated at 43. The motor 43 may comprise rotors 44 and 45 operated by ileld windings 43 and 41. Theyroto'rs 44 and 45 operate a shai't 48 through a reduction gear train 48. The shaft 48 operates a crank disc 50 which is connected by a pitman to the valve stem 52 oi the valve I5. The shaft 48 also operates a slider 53 with respect to a potentiometer resistance 54 which performs a rebalancing function in a manner to be more fully pointed out hereafter. The shaft 48 also operates an abutment member 55 which is adapted to open limit switches 58 and 51 at the extreme ends of the travel of the motor 43. The arrangement is such that when the ileld winding 46 is energized, valve I5 is moved towards an open position and the slider 53 is moved towards the left with respect to the potentiometer coil 54.

The motor 48 is controlled by a normally balanced relay generally designated at 58. This relay 59 comprises series connected coils 60 and 6I for influencing an armature 62. The armature 62 operates a switch arm 63 with respect to contacts 64 and 65. Power is supplied to the relay 59 by a step-down transformer 66 having a primary 61 connected across the line wires 3| and 32 and a secondary 68. The series connected coils 50 and 6I are connected across the secondary 68. As long as the relay coils 60 and 6I are equally energized, the switch arm 63 is spaced midway between the contacts 64 and 65. When the relay coil 60 becomes more highly energized than the relay coil 8 I the switch arm 63 is moved into engagement with the contact 64 to complete a circuit from the line wire 3| through wire 1D, switch arm 63, contact 64, wire 1 I, limit switch 51, wire 12', field winding 46, and wire 13 back to the other line wire 32 Completion of this circuit causes energization of the eld winding 48 to move the valve I5 towards an open position. If the valve should be moved to a complete open position, the abutment 52 opens the limit switch 51 to break the circuit to the eld winding 46 to prevent overtravel of the motor. When the relay coil 6| becomes more highly energized than the relay coil. 60, the switch arm 63 is moved into engagement with the contact 65 to complete a circlu't from the line wire 3| through wire 10, switch arm 63, contact 66, wire 14, limit switch 56, wire 15, eld winding 41, and wire 13 back to the other line wire 32. Completion of this circuit causes energization of the field winding 41 which moves the valve I5 towards a closed position and when the valve I5 has become completely closed, the limit switch 56 is opened to break the circuit through field winding 41 to prevent overtravel of the motor. From the above it is seen that when the relay coils 60 and 8| are equally energized, the motor 43 and consequently the valve I5 are held in their adjusted positions. When the relay coil 60 is energized more than the relay coil 6I, the valve is moved towards an open position and when the relay coil 8| is energized more than the relay coil 60, the valve is moved towards a closed position.

The normally balanced relay 58 is controlled by a controller 11 responsive to the temperature changing effect of the radiators I8, a compensator 18 responsive to changes in outdoor temperature and compensators in the form of temperature responsive controllers 18 and 80 responsive to space temperature. The temperature responsive controllers 19 and 80 responding to space temperature at a plurality ci points within the building operate in accordance with the average temperature of the building. Although I have shown only two of these space temperature responsive controllers, any number may be utilized.

The controller 11 responding to the temperature changing eiect of the radiator I3 may be of the temperature responsive type and may comprise a bellows 82 connected by a capillary tube 83 to a bulb 84 located in close proximity to the radiator I8. The bulb 84 contains a volatile iluid so that when the radiator temperature increases, the bellows 82 is expanded. The bellows 82 operates a switch arm 85 with respect to a potentiometer coil 85 and the setting of the instrument may be suitably adjusted by means of the adjusting spring 81. If the radiator temperature increases, the slider 85 is moved to the lett with respect to the potentiometer coil 88 in the direction indicated by the character H and when the temperature of the radiator I8 decreases, the

slider 85 is moved towards the right in the direction indicated by the character C.

The compensator, generally designated at 18, comprises a bellows 88 connected by a capillary tube 89 to a bulb 80 located outside of the buildlng. The bellows 88 operates a slider 8| with respect to a. potentiometer coil 82 and the setting of the compensator 18 may be adjusted by an adjustable spring 83. The arrangement is such that as the outdoor temperature increases, the slider 8| is moved in the direction indicated by the character H, and as the outdoor temperature decreases, the slider 8| is moved in the opposite direction as indicated by the character C.

The thermostat 19 may comprise a bellows 8l containing volatile fluid which operates sliders and S1 through a connecting link 98. 'I'he sliders 96 and 81 cooperate with resistances 88 and |88. rlhe arrangement is such that as the building temperature aiecting this thermostat increases, sliders S6 and 91 are moved to the left in the direction indicated by the character H and as the temperature decreases, the sliders 86 and 81 are moved to the right in a direction indicated by the character C. The building thermostat 80 which responds to the temperature of the building at a different point is in all respects similar to the building thermostat 19 and like reference characters primed have been used to show the construction of this thermostat.

The outer end of the relay coil 60 is connected by a protective resistance |02 and wires |03 and |04 to the lefthand end of the potentiometer coil 86. In like manner, the outer end of the relay coil 6| is connected by a protective resistance Ill and wires |06 and |01 to the right-hand end of the potentiometer coil 86. The junction of the relay coils 60 and 6I is connected by wires |88, |09 and H0 to the slider 85. By reason of these connections, it is seen that the potentiometer of the controller 11 is connected in parallel with the series connected coils 80 and 6I. 'I'he left-hand end of the potentiometer coil 86 is connected by a resistance III and a wire |I2 to the left-hand end of the potentiometer coil 81. In like manner, the right-hand end of the potentiometer coil 92. In like manner, the right-hand end o1' the potentiometer coil 86 is connected by a resistance I|3 and a wire ||4 to the right-hand end of the potentiometer coil 92. The slider of the oompensator 18 is connected by a resistance III, a resistance II6 and a wire II1 to the junction of wires |08 and |I0. From the above, it is seen that the potentiometer of the compensator 18 is connected in parallel with the potentiometer o! the conroller 11 but the resistances I II, ||3, I Il and |I6 are included in these connections.

The resistance is connected by a wire Il!! to the resistance 99 and the slider cooperating therewith is connected by a wire |20 to resistance 99'. The slider 96' is connected by a wire |22 to the junction of wires |09 and |04. In'a like manner, the resistance I I3 is connected by a wire |I9 to the resistance |00 and the. slider 91 cooperating therewith is connected by a wire |2| to the resistance The slider 91' is connected by a wire |23 to the junction of wires |06 and |01. In this manner, the variable resistances 99 and 99 are connected in parallel with the fixed resistance |II and the variable resistances A|00 and |09 are connected in parallel with the fixed resistance I I3. The left-hand end of the balancing potentiometer coil 54 is connected by a. wire |24 to the protective resistance |02 and in a like manner, the right-hand end of the balancing potentiometer coil 54 is connected by a wire |25 to the protective resistance |05. The junction of relay coils 60 and 6I are connected to the slider 53 of the balancing potentiometer by wires |08 and |26, resistance |21 and wire |28.

With the parts in the position shown in the drawing, sliders 9|, 85, 96, 91, 96', 91' and 59 are all located in the mid position with respect to their cooperating resistances. The relay coils 69 and 6| are, therefore, equally energized and, consequently, the switch arm 63 is in a mid position with respect to its contacts 64 and 85, the

motor 49 is stationary, and the valve I5 is in av half-open position whereby a predetermined amount of steam is being supplied to the radiators I9. Ii the temperature changing effect of the radiators should decrease, that is, if the radiators should cool, the slider 85 is moved towards the right with respect to the potentiometer coil 86 to partially short-circuit the relay coil 6I to decrease the energization thereof and increase the energization of the relay coil 50. 'I'his causes movement of the valve I towards an open position to supply additional steam to the radiators I9. Movement of the valve I5 towards an open position causes left-hand movement of the slider 59 with respect to the balancing potentiometer coil 54 to partially short-circuit the relay coil 60 and when the slider 53 has moved sufllciently far to the left to rebalance the energizations of the coils 60 and 6|, the motor is stopped and the valve is maintained in the new position which supplies the correct amount of steam to the radiators I3. Conversely, if the temperature changing eiect of the radiators I8 increases, the slider 85 is moved to the left to partially short-circuit the relay coil 60 to decrease the energization thereof and increase the energlzation of the relay coil 6|. This causes movement of the valve I5 towards a closed position and right-hand movement of the slider 53 with respect to the balancing potentiometer coil 54. This movement of the slider 59 causes partial short-circuiting of the relay coil 6| to decrease the energizatlon thereof and increase the energization of the relay coil 60. When the energizations of the relay coils 60 and 6| become equal, switch arm 63 is moved to the mid position, the motor 43 is stopped, and the valve I5 is held in its newly adjusted position. In this manner, the temperature changing effect of the radiators 3 is maintained substantially constant.

If the outdoor temperature decreases, the slider 9| is moved to the right to partially short-circuit the relay coil 6| to decrease the energization thereof and increase the energization of the coil Wards an open position. Conversely, if the outdoor temperature increases, the slider 9| is moved towards the left and the relay coil 60 is partially short-circuited to decrease the energization thereof and increase the energization of the relay coil 6|. This causes movement of the valve I5 towards an open position. Since both of the potentiometers of the controller 11 and the compensator 18 are connected in parallel with each other and in parallel with the series connected coils 60 and 6I, the series connected coils 60 and 6| are controlled by the conjoint action of these two potentiometers to maintain predetermined radiator temperatures which are adjusted or varied in accordance with outdoor temperatures. Specifically, as the outdoor temperature decreases, the radiator temperatures increase and as the outdoor temperature increases the radiator temperatures decrease. By suitably adjusting these controllers as to their temperature settings and range of movements, a predetermined schedule may be obtained with respect to radiator temperatures and outdoor temperatures wherein for any given outdoor temperature the radiator temperature will assume a given value.

As pointed out above, the fixed resistance is connected in series with the left-hand end oi the potentiometer coil 92 and the resistance |I3 is connected in series with the right-hand end of the potentiometer coil 92. Therefore, these resistances and I3 may be considered as being part of the potentiometer coil 92, which parts are not adapted to be wiped by the slider 9|. As pointed out above, the variable resistances 99 and 99 are connected in parallel with the resistance III and the variable resistances |00 and |00 are connected in parallel with the resistance H3. Therefore, the resistances I I 99 and 99 are connected in series with the left-hand end of the coil 92 and the resistances II3, |00 and |00 are connected in series with the right-hand end of the coil 92.

Upon a decrease in room temperature aifecting the room thermostat 19, the sliders 96 and 91 are moved to the right in a direction indicated by the character C and this movement decreases the resistance in series with the righthand end of the potentiometer coil 92 and increases the resistance in series with the lefthand end of the potentiometer coil 92. This has the same effect as sliding the slider 9| to the right with respect to the potentiometer coil 92 and, therefore, the relay coil 6| is partially shortcircuited to decrease the energization thereof and to increase the energization of the relay coil 60. This causes movement of the valve I5 toward an open position in proportion to the amount of partial short-circuiting. Likewise, if the sliders 96 and 91 of the room thermostat 19 are moved to the left upon an increase in space temperature, the amount of resistance in series with the left-hand end of the potentiometer coil 92 is decreased and the amount of resistance in series with the right-hand end thereof is increased and this has the same effect as moving the slider 9| to the left with respect to the potentiometer coil 92. This causes partial short-circuiting of the relay coil 6|) to decrease the energization thereof and to increase the energization of relay coil 6I whereby the valve 52 is moved toward a closed position. The same mode of operation is accomplished by the room thermostat responding to the temperature of the building at a different point. Since the 6l. This causes movement of the valve I6 to- 75 room thermostats 19 and 80 are connected in series, these thermoatats reflect the average temperature of tbe building, and therefore the valve I3 is also positioned in accordance with the average temperature of the building. From the above, it is seen that the schedule of radiator temperatures and outdoor temperatures is modified as the average building temperature varies from the desired normal value. More specifically, for a given outdoor temperature, the radiator temperature is increased as the building temper-- maintained at a closer value than has been possible in the past. The resistances I|5 and |21 which are connected respectively to the sliders 3l and 33 are included in this electrical system to desensitize the controlling effect of the compensator 13 and the rebalancing effect of the balancing potentiometer operated by the motor 43. Therefore, the controller 11 responsive to radiator temperatures becomes the most sensitive whereby the main controlling function is performed by the radiator temperature responsive controller 11, which controlling effect is compensated or adjusted by the outdoor controller 13 and the room thermostats 19 and 30. The variable resistance |I3 connected to the slider 3| is of such value as to balance out the effect of the resistances ||I, ||3 and the resistances 99, |00, 03 and |03' when their sliders 86, $1, 86 and $1', respectively, are in the mid position. Therefore, with sliders 03, 31, 03', and 91' in the mid position, the resistances controlled thereby and the resistances |I| and |I3 have no effect upon the operation of the valve l5, the valve l5 being controlled solely by the effect of the main controller 11 responsive to radiator temperatures and the compensator 13 responsive to outdoor temperatures. However, when the sliders 96, 91, $6' and 91' of the room thermostats 1! and 30 deviate from their mid positions, the effect of the resistances I||, ||3 and the resistance controlled by these sliders is felt and the schedule is modified in accordance with room temperatures.

Referring now to Figure 2, I have shown a modified form of the control system for accomplishing substantially the same results as are accomplished in Figure 1. This control system of Figure 2 is to be utilized for operating the proportioning motor 43 of Figure 1 for controlling the valve I5, the balancing potentiometer of the proportioning motor being shown at the bottom of Figure 2. Figure 2 utilizes the same normally balanced relay 53, the same main controller 11 responsive to radiator temperatures, the same compensator 13 responsive to outdoor temperatures and the same room thermostats 19 and 30 responsive to building temperatures. However, the manner in which these instruments are connected together is slightly different.

The relay coil 60 is connected by the protective resistance |02 and wires |30, |3I and |32 to the left-hand ends of the potentiometer coils 36 and 32 and to the left-hand end of the variable resistances 59. The right-hand end of the relay coil is connected by the protective resistance assenti 4 endsoithepotentiometerooila andll-and thevariableresistance |30. Theaiidersllandl are connected by wires |33 and |31, respectively.

'to the variable resistances 33' and |33'. Sliders resistance |43, and wires |4|, |42, |43, and |44 tothejunctionof the relay coils 33 and 3|. The

|33, and wires |33, |34, and |33 to the right-hand 75 slider 33 of the controller 11 is connected to the junction of the coils 3l and 3| by wire |43 and the slider 3| of the compensator 'I3 is connected by aresistance |43 and a wire |41 to the function of coils 33 and 3|. The left and right ends of the balancing potentiometer coil 54 are connected to the protective resistances |32 and |33 by wires |43 and |40, respectively. The slider 33 of the balancing potentiometer is connected by a wirelll, a resistance I5| and a wire |32 to the Junction of wires |43 and |44. From the above, it is seen that the resistances 99 and 33' are connected in series, that the resistances |03 and |00' are connected in series, that these series connected resistances, the control potentiometer of the controller 11, the compensating potentiometer of the compensator 13. and the balancing potentiometer operated by the motor 43 are all connected in parallel with the series connected relay coils 30 and 6I.

By reason of the above parallel relationship, movement of any of the sliders 96, 91, 06', 31', 3| or 35 to the right causes partial short-circuiting of the relay coil 6I to decrease the energization thereof and to increase the energization of the relay coil 60 to cause movement of the valve |3 towards an open position in an amount proportional to the movement of the sliders. Likewise, movement of any of these sliders to the left in the direction indicated by the character H causes partial short-clrcuiting of the relay coil 60 to decrease the energization vthereof and to increase the energization of the relay coil 6I to cause movement of the valve I5 towards a closed position to decrease the supply of heat to the building. The resistances |40, |46, and I5I are utilized for desensitizing the controllers with which they are connected whereby the controller 11 responsive to radiator temperatures becomes the main controller and performs the main controlling function and the compensator 18 and the room thermostats 19 and 80 become secondary in function to compensate the controlling effect of the main controller 11. Therefore, in this modification, as in the previous modifications, a schedule may be formulated for controlling the valve I5 in accordance with radiator temperatures and outdoor temperatures to cause the radiator temperature to increase as the outdoor temperature decreases, which schedule may be modified by room temperatures to cause the radiator temperatures to increase as the building temperature decreases.

Although I have shown the main controller 11, which responds to the heating effect or the temperature changing effect of the radiators I3, to be a temperature responsive controller, this controller 11 may be of any type, such as a pressure responsive controller responsive to the pressures in the heating system. Such a controller would respond to the heating effect of the heating system and the use of such a controller is within the contemplation of this invention.

Although for purposes of illustration, I have shown two forms of my invention, other forms thereof may become obvious to those skilled in the art and, therefore, this invention is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims and the prior art. i

I claim as my invention:

1. In a temperature control system for a building, the combination of, temperature changing means for the building, control means for the temperature changing means, relay means for controlling the control means and including series connected relay coils connected across a source of electrical energy, an adjustable potentiometer including a resistance and a slider, means responsive to thetemperature changing effect of the temperature changing means for adjusting the adjustable potentiometer, means connecting the ends of said resistance with the remote ends of said series connected coils, means connecting the slider with the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, a second adjustable potentiometer including a resistance and a slider, means responsive to temperature conditions outside of said building for adjusting the second adjustable potentiometer, connections between the ends of the resistance of the second potentiometer and the remote ends of the relay coils and a connection between the slider of the second potentiometer and the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, variable resistances in series only with the connections between the series connected coils and the ends of the resistance of the second adjustable potentiometer, and means responsive to the temperature of the building for adjusting said variable resistances.

2. In a temperature control system for a building, the combination of, temperature changing means for the building, control means for the temperature changing means, relay means for controlling the control means and including series connected relay coils connected across a source of electrical energy, an adjustable potentiometer including a resistance and a slider, means responsive to the temperature changing eiTect of the temperature changing means for adjusting the adjustable potentiometer, means connecting the ends of said resistance with the remote ends of said series connected coils, means connecting the slider with the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, a second adjustable potentiometer including a resistance and a slider, means responsive to temperature conditions outside of said building for adjusting the second adjustable potentiometer, connections between the ends of the resistance of the second potentiometer and the remote ends of the relay coils and a connection between the slider of the second potentiometer and the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, a resistance element in series only with each of the connections between the ends of the resistance of the second potentiometer and the remote ends of the series connected coils, a plurality of variable resistances in shunt with each of said resistance elements, and means responsive to the temperature in various portions of the building for adjusting the different variable resistances.

3. In a control system, the combination of a device to be controlled, a source of electrical energy.. a relay for controlling the operation of the device and including a pair of series connected coils connected across said source, a pair of adjustable potentiometers, each including a resistance and a slider, means electrically connecting the ends of the resistances and the remote ends of the series connected coils, means connecting the sliders and the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, a plurality of Variable resistances in each of the connecting means between the remote ends of the series connected coils and the ends of the resistance of one of the potentiometers only, and additional resistance means connected in parallel with the group of variable resistances in each of the connecting means.

4. In a control system, the combination of a device to be controlled, a source of electrical energy, a relay for controlling the operation of the device and including a pair of series connected coils connected across said source, a pair of adjustable potentiometers, each including a resistance and a slider, means electrically connecting the ends of the resistances and the remote ends of the series connected coils, means connecting the sliders and the adjacent ends of the series connected coils, a plurality of variable resistances in each of the connecting means between the remote ends of the series connected coils and the ends of the resistance of one of the potentiometers only, additional resistance means connected in parallel with the group of variable resistances in each of the connecting means, and resistance means in the circuit to the slider of said one potentiometer to counterbalance the effect of the resistances in the means connecting the ends of the resistance of said one potentiometer and the remote ends of the series connected coils and to desensitize the effect of said one potentiometer on the relay.

5. In a temperature control system for a multi-zone building; the combination of heating means for the building, control means for the heating means; relay means for controlling the control means and including coil means; a plurality of adjustable resistance devices each including a resistor and a slider; means responsive to the heating effect of said heating means for adjusting a first of said resistance devices, means responsive to temperature conditions outside of said building for adjusting a second of said resistance devices; means connecting a plurality of the remaining resistance devices in series; means in each zone responsive to the temperature of that zone for adjusting one of said series connected resistance devices; means responsive to the position of said control means for adjusting a further of said resistance devices; a control circuit including said relay coil means, said plurality of control devices including said series connected resistance devices, and a source of power whereby said control means is positioned in accordance with the resultant of the heating eiect of said heating means, the temperature conditions outside of said building, and the average temperature in said plurality of zones; and means associated with said control circuit for decreasing the effect of said second device; said seriesl connected devices, and said further resistance device with respect to said rst resistance device to such an extent that a small adjustment of said first resistance device will cause said device to be moved the full range of movement oi said control means corresponding to the range oi adjustment of said further resistance device.

WILLIAM L. MCGRATH. 

